Solar Panel Installation Guide

Introduction

Solar energy is a sustainable and cost-effective solution for reducing electricity bills and minimizing carbon footprints. Singapore, with its tropical climate and abundant sunshine, is an ideal location for solar panel installations. This guide will walk you through the essential steps and considerations for installing a solar photovoltaic (PV) system in Singapore.

Step 1: Assessing Your Roof’s Suitability

Before installing solar panels, it’s crucial to determine if your roof is suitable:

• Orientation and Tilt: Ideally, your roof should face south with a tilt angle of around 10-15 degrees.
• Shading: Ensure there are no obstructions like trees or buildings that could cast shadows on your panels.
• Structural Integrity: Your roof must be strong enough to support the weight of the solar panels and mounting structures.

Step 2: Engaging a Qualified Person

In Singapore, you must engage a Qualified Person (QP) to oversee the installation. A QP is a registered Architect or Professional Engineer with a valid practicing certificate. They will ensure the installation meets all regulatory requirements and obtain necessary approvals from authorities such as:

• Building and Construction Authority (BCA)for structural safety.
• Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) for planning permission.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) for fire safety.
• Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) for aviation zones.

Step 3: Installation Process

The installation process generally involves the following steps:

1. Scaffolding (if required): Set up scaffolding to ensure safety during installation.
2. Solar Panel Delivery: Deliver the solar panels and other equipment to your site.
3. Attach Mounting Frames: Secure mounting frames to your roof.
4. Secure Solar Panels: Attach the solar panels to the mounting frames and connect them to the solar inverter.
5. Set Up Wiring: Connect the solar panels to your home’s electrical system.
6. Testing and Quality Assurance: Conduct thorough testing to ensure the system is functioning correctly.

Step 4: Commissioning the System

Once the installation is complete, a Licensed Electrical Worker (LEW) will commission the system. The LEW will handle tasks such as applying for necessary electrical licenses and assessing the electrical connection requirements¹. If your system has a capacity of 1MWac or above, you may need to apply for a generation license and register with the Energy Market Company.

Step 5: Selling Excess Electricity

If you generate more electricity than you use, you can sell the excess back to the grid. There are two main schemes for this:

• Simplified Credit Treatment (SCT): Non-contestable consumers can register with SP Services and be paid at the prevailing tariff minus grid charges.
• Enhanced Central Intermediary Scheme (ECIS): This scheme simplifies the registration process for contestable consumers with SP Services.

Costs and Benefits

• Cost Savings: Solar panels can significantly reduce your electricity bills. The initial investment typically pays for itself within 6 to 8 years through savings.
• Environmental Impact: Solar energy helps combat climate change by reducing carbon emissions.
• Incentives: Various incentives and rebates may be available to offset installation costs.

Solar Panel Maintenance

Solar panels require minimal maintenance. Regular cleaning and periodic inspections by a professional can ensure optimal performance and longevity.

How do I calculate my potential savings from solar panels?

Calculating your potential savings from solar panels involves several factors. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you estimate your savings:

Step 1: Determine Your Current Electricity Usage

Look at your electricity bills to find out your average monthly and annual electricity consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh).

Step 2: Estimate Solar Panel Output

The amount of electricity your solar panels can generate depends on:

• Panel Efficiency: Higher efficiency panels produce more electricity.
• Sunlight Hours: Singapore receives about 4-5 peak sunlight hours per day on average.
• System Size: The total capacity of your solar panel system, usually measured in kilowatts (kW).

You can use the formula:

Annual Energy Production (kWh)=System Size (kW)×Sunlight Hours per Day×365×Efficiency Factor

The efficiency factor accounts for losses due to shading, dust, and system inefficiencies, typically around 0.75 to 0.85.

Step 3: Calculate Potential Savings

To calculate your savings:

1. Estimate Annual Solar Production: Use the formula above.
2. Determine Cost per kWh: Check your electricity bill for the rate you pay per kWh.
3. Calculate Savings: Multiply the annual solar production by the cost per kWh.

For example:

• System Size: 5 kW
• Sunlight Hours: 4.5 hours/day
• Efficiency Factor: 0.8
• Electricity Rate: $0.25/kWh

Annual Energy Production=5×4.5×365×0.8=6,570 kWh

Annual Savings=6,570×0.25=$1,642.50

Step 4: Consider Initial Costs and Payback Period

• Initial Costs: Include the cost of solar panels, installation, and any additional equipment.
• Payback Period: Divide the initial cost by the annual savings to estimate how long it will take to recoup your investment.

Additional Factors

• Incentives and Rebates: Check for any government incentives or rebates that can reduce your initial costs.
• Electricity Price Inflation: Consider that electricity prices may rise over time, increasing your savings.

Government incentives for Solar panels in Singapore.

Singapore offers several initiatives to promote the adoption of solar energy. Here are some key programs and incentives:

SolarNova Programme

The SolarNova programme is a Whole-of-Government effort led by the Economic Development Board (EDB) and the Housing & Development Board (HDB). It aims to accelerate the deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems across government agencies to achieve economies of scale and drive the growth of Singapore’s solar industry¹. This program aggregates demand for solar PV systems, making it more cost-effective for government buildings to adopt solar energy.

Energy Market Authority (EMA) Initiatives

The EMA collaborates with various government agencies and the industry to maximize solar deployment. Some of their initiatives include:

• Rooftop Installations: Through the SolarNova programme, solar PV systems are installed on the rooftops of HDB flats and public sector buildings.
• Floating Solar Farms: Projects like the Sembcorp Tengeh Floating Solar Farm, one of the world’s largest inland floating solar PV systems, are part of efforts to utilize reservoirs and offshore spaces for solar energy.
• SolarLand Programme: This involves installing modular solar PV systems on temporary vacant land, such as those on Jurong Island and at Changi Business Park.

Financial Incentives

While the government does not provide direct grants or subsidies for solar deployment on buildings, the cost of solar energy is generally cheaper than the retail electricity price and regulated tariff³. This makes solar energy a financially viable option without the need for additional incentives.

Additional Support

• Simplified Credit Treatment (SCT): Non-contestable consumers can register with SP Services to be paid for excess electricity generated at the prevailing tariff minus grid charges.
• Enhanced Central Intermediary Scheme (ECIS): This scheme simplifies the registration process for contestable consumers with SP Services.

These initiatives and programs collectively support the growth of solar energy in Singapore, making it easier and more cost-effective for both public and private sectors to adopt solar technology.

How do I choose the right solar panel installer?

Choosing the right solar panel installer is crucial for ensuring a smooth and efficient installation process. Here are some key factors to consider:

1. Experience and Expertise

• Track Record: Look for installers with a proven track record and extensive experience in solar installations. Ask about the number of installations they have completed and the types of systems they have worked on.
• Certifications: Ensure the installer has relevant certifications, such as those from the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) or other recognized bodies.

2. Licensing and Insurance

• Licenses: Verify that the installer holds all necessary licenses to perform electrical and solar installations in your area.
• Insurance: Check that the installer has adequate insurance coverage, including general liability and workers’ compensation.

3. Customer Reviews and Testimonials

• Reviews: Read customer reviews and testimonials to gauge the installer’s reputation and reliability.
• References: Ask the installer for references from previous clients and follow up with them to learn about their experiences.

4. Quality of Equipment

• Panel Quality: Inquire about the brands and types of solar panels and inverters the installer uses. Ensure they offer high-quality, efficient, and durable products.
• Warranties: Check the warranties provided for both the equipment and the installation work. A good installer should offer comprehensive warranties.

5. Site Visit and Assessment

• Home Visit: A reputable installer should be willing to visit your home to assess your roof’s suitability and discuss your energy needs in detail.
• Customized Proposal: They should provide a customized proposal based on your specific requirements, including a detailed cost estimate and expected savings.

6. Post-Installation Support

• Maintenance Services: Ask about the maintenance services they offer and their availability for post-installation support.
• Monitoring: Check if they provide monitoring services to track the performance of your solar system.

7. Multiple Quotes

• Compare Quotes: Obtain quotes from multiple installers to compare prices, services, and equipment. Ensure that all quotes are based on the same criteria for an accurate comparison.

‍

How do I maintain my solar panels after installation ?

Maintaining your solar panels is essential to ensure they operate efficiently and have a long lifespan. Here are some key steps to keep your solar panels in top condition:

1. Regular Cleaning

• Frequency: Clean your solar panels at least twice a year, or more frequently if you live in an area with heavy dust, pollution, or bird droppings.
• Method: Use a soft brush or sponge with water to gently clean the surface. Avoid using abrasive materials or harsh chemicals that could damage the panels.
• Safety: If your panels are on the roof, consider hiring a professional to avoid the risk of falling.

2. Monitoring System Performance

• Monitoring Tools: Use monitoring apps provided by your solar installer to track the performance of your system. These apps can alert you to any drops in efficiency or potential issues.
• Monthly Checks: Check your system’s output monthly to ensure it is consistent with expected performance. If you notice significant drops, it might indicate a problem that needs addressing.

3. Annual Professional Inspections

• Inspection: Schedule an annual inspection with a professional to check for any issues such as loose connections, wiring problems, or damage to the panels.
• Maintenance: Professionals can also perform more thorough cleanings and maintenance tasks that might be difficult to do on your own.

4. Keeping Panels Free of Obstructions

• Trimming Trees: Ensure that trees or other vegetation do not cast shadows on your panels. Trim any branches that might obstruct sunlight.
• Debris Removal: Regularly remove any debris such as leaves or snow that might accumulate on the panels.

5. Monitoring Weather Conditions

• Storms: After severe weather, inspect your panels for any damage. Hail, heavy rain, or strong winds can sometimes cause issues.
• Snow: In rare cases of snow, gently remove it to prevent shading and ensure maximum efficiency.

6. Avoiding DIY Repairs

• Professional Help: Do not attempt to repair any electrical components yourself. Always contact a professional for repairs to avoid safety risks and ensure the warranty remains valid.

What are the best solar panel brands for Singapore?

Choosing the right solar panel brand is crucial for ensuring efficiency and longevity. Here are some of the best solar panel brands available in Singapore:

Premium Solar Panels

1. Sunollo Eclipse Series

• High performant and reliability
• Shade resistant

2. SunPower Maxeon 3 Series‍

• Known for high efficiency and durability.
• Excellent performance in low-light conditions.‍

3. REC Alpha Pure R Series‍

• High power output and efficiency.
• Strong resistance to degradation.‍

4. SunPower Performance 6 Series‍

• Cost-effective with good performance.
• Reliable and durable.

Best Value Solar Panels

1. Jinko Solar & Trina

• Affordable with good efficiency.
• Widely used and trusted.‍

2. SunPower‍

• Offers a range of options balancing cost and performance.
• Reliable and efficient.‍

3. REC Solar‍

• Good balance of price and performance.
• Durable and efficient.

Other Notable Brands

1. Cleantech Solar

• Provides comprehensive solar solutions.
• Known for quality and reliability.

2. Unicell

• Offers a range of solar products.
• Trusted by many customers.

3. Schneider Electric

• Known for energy management solutions.
• Provides high-quality solar panels.

4. Ditrolic Solar

• Offers innovative solar solutions.
• Reliable and efficient.

5. Maxeon

• High-efficiency panels with robust performance.
• Trusted brand in the solar industry.

These brands are known for their quality, efficiency, and reliability, making them excellent choices for solar panel installations in Singapore.

Conclusion

Installing solar panels in Singapore is a smart investment for both financial and environmental reasons. By following this guide and engaging qualified professionals, you can ensure a smooth and successful installation process.

To know more, download our solar panel installation guide.